The Civil Service as a Driver of Kazakhstan’s Growth
Основное содержимое статьи
Аннотация
The article is devoted to the analysis of civil service reforms as a key direction in the modernisation of Kazakhstan’s public administration system. The purpose of the study is to assess the institutional and socio-economic effects of civil service transformation. The research employs methods of institutional analysis, comparative legal analysis, as well as the analysis of statistical data and international governance quality rankings. The study examines the main directions of civil service reform, including the transition to a service-oriented model, human resource development, the expansion of social guarantees for civil servants, and the introduction of digital tools for personnel management. A comparative analysis of civil service practices in foreign countries is also conducted, and the possibilities for adapting international experience to the conditions of Kazakhstan are assessed. The findings indicate that systemic civil service reforms form a foundation for improving its effectiveness. However, the limited availability of accessible and open quantitative data constrains the forecasting of macroeconomic and fiscal effects.
Keywords: civil service, reform, public administration, effects, state apparatus, public service.
Скачивания
Информация о статье

Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution» («Атрибуция») 4.0 Всемирная.
Получение разрешения на использование текстов и воспроизведение фотографий и других иллюстративных материалов, защищенных авторским правом, является ответственностью авторов.Библиографические ссылки
ACSA (2024) “National Report on the State of the Civil Service in the Republic of Kazakhstan”. https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/qyzmet/documents/details/640535?lang=ru
Acemoglu, D. and Robinson, J.A. (2012). Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty. New York: Crown Business.
Aghion, P. and Howitt, P. (2009). The Economics of Growth. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Andrews, M., Prirchett, L. and Woolcock, M. (2017). Building State Capability: Evidence, Analysis, Action. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Benington, J. and Moore, M. (2011). Public Value: Theory and Practice.
Council of Europe (2008). 12 Principles of Good Democratic Governance. Strategy on Innovation and Good Governance at Local Level, Council of Europe. https://www.coe.int/en/web/centre-of-expertise-for-multilevel-governance/12-principles
Dahlström, C., Lapuente, V. and Teorell, J. (2012). ‘The merit of meritocratisation: Politics, bureaucracy, and the institutional deterrents of corruption’, Political Research Quarterly, 65(3), pp. 656-668.
Demirgüç-Kunt, A., M. Lokshin, and V. Kolchin. (2023). «Effects of Public Sector Wages on Corruption: Wage Inequality Matters», Journal of Comparative Economics 51, no. 3: pp. 941–959.
Denhardt, J.V. and Denhardt, R.B. (2015). The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering. 4th edn. New York: Routledge.
Evans, P. and Rauch, J.E. (1999). ‘Bureaucracy and growth: A cross-national analysis of the effects of “Weberian” state structures on economic growth’, American Sociological Review, 64(5), pp. 748-765.
European Commission (2018). Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion, Public administration characteristics and performance in EU28 – Denmark, Hammerschmid, G.and Thijs, N.(Editors), Publications Office of the European Union, 2018, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2767/168982
Fadic, M., Garda P. and Pisu M, (2019). “The effect of public sector efficiency on firm-level productivity growth: The Italian case”, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 1573, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/6d20b56d-en
Government of Singapore (2017). Parliamentary Replies: Civil Service graduate and non‑graduate career tracks. – 7 February 2017. – https://www.psd.gov.sg/newsroom/civil-service-graduate-and-non-graduate-career-tracks/
Hood, C. (1991). ‘A public management for all seasons?’, Public Administration, 69(1), pp. 3-19.
IMD World Competitiveness Center (2023) IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2023. Lausanne: IMD.
IMD (2024). International Institute for Management Development World Competitiveness Booklet 2024. Lausanne: IMD World Competitiveness Center. https://www.investchile.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Booklet_WCY_2024.pdf
Kachniarz, M., Babczuk, A. and Piepiora, Z. (2016). The Evolution of Public Administration Models, Advances in Computer Science Research, International Conference Proceedings.
Kaufmann, D. and Kraay, A. (2023). ‘The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and 2023 Update’, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 10555. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/a1a208e6-40f3-4ec2-ab30-9d645fc71a4b
Krasilnikov, D.G., Sivintseva, O.V. and Troitskaya, E.A. (2014). Sovremennye zapadnye upravlencheskie modeli: sinez New Public Management i Good Governance, Ars Administrandi (2), pp. 45–62.
Maratova, H.B. (2022). Evolution of Public Administration Models: Public Administration, New Public Management and Good Governance, Gosudarstvennaya sluzhba, 6(140), pp. 12–19. DOI:10.22394/2070-8378-2022-24-6-12-19
Moore, M.H. (1995). Creating Public Value. Harvard University Press.
Nuranova, R. and Ryskulova, M. (2019). Aktual’nost’ kontseptsiy New Public Management, New Public Governance, Gosudarstvennoe upravlenie i gosudarstvennaya sluzhba, (4(71)), pp. 34–42.
OECD (2019). Public Service Leadership and Capability: Towards an Evidence-Based Approach. Paris: OECD Publishing.
OECD (2020). Public Service Leadership and Capability: Towards on Evidence-Based Approach. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/0bb4c39a-en
OECD (2021a). Government at a Glance 2021. Paris: OECD Publishing.
OECD (2021b). Public Employment and Management 2021: The Future of the Public Service, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/938f0d65-en
OECD (2022). “OECD Good Practice Principles for Public Service Design and Delivery in the Digital Age”, OECD Public Governance Policy Papers, No. 23, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/2ade500b-en
OECD (2025a). Government at a Glance 2025. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/0efd0bcd-en.
OECD (2025b). Government at a Glance 2025: Denmark. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/government-at-a-glance-2025-country-notes_da3361e1-en/denmark_d54729ff-en.html
OECD (2025c). Government at a Glance 2025: Estonia. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/government-at-a-glance-2025-country-notes_da3361e1-en/estonia_89797d03-en.html
OECD (2025d). Government at a Glance: Southeast Asia 2025: Singapore. https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2025/12/government-at-a-glance-southeast-asia-2025-country-notes_06cfe2ea/singapore_c7f95e90/a13de81b-en.pdf
Pesti C., Randma-Liiv T. (2018). Towards a managerial public service bargain: The Estonian civil service reform //Network of Institutes and Schools of Public Administration in Central and Eastern Europe. The NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy. – 2018. – Т. 11. – №. 1. – С. 135.
Pollitt, C. and Bouckaert, G. (2017) Public Management Reform: A comparative Analysis – Into the Age of Austerity. 4th edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rodrik, D. (2008) ‘Second-best institutions’, American Economic Review, 98(2), pp. 100-104.
Sadykova, K.K., and Abilmazhinov, T.T. (2016). “International Experience in Civil Service Reform” KazNU Bulletin. Economics Series, 5(117), pp. 345–352.
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) (1997). What Is Good Governance?
United Nations (2022). E-Government Survey 2022: The Future of Digital Government. New York: United Nations.
U.S. Census Bureau (2023). Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce. https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2023/demo/p60-281.html
Weber, M. (2019). Хозяйство и общество: очерки понимающей социологии. В 4 т. Москва: Издательский дом Высшей школы экономики.
World Bank (2018). Public Sector Performance: The Critical Role of Institutions. Washington, DC: World Bank.
World Bank (2020). Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and Analytical Issues. Washington, DC: World Bank.
World Bank (2022). World Development Report 2022: Governance for Growth. Washington, DC: World Bank.
World Bank (2024). Worldwide Governance Indicators. https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators.